Combined alternating and continous current system of distribution.



No. 530,491. Patented Aug. 6, I899.

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OONBINED ALTERNATlNG-AND CONTINUOUS CURRENT SYSTEM OF blSTRlBUTlON. (Application filed July 27, 1898.;

aNo Model.) 4 Sheets-Sheet 1.

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INVENTOR N1 Ax CUE/R1 JOSU BW J HIS ATTORNEYS.

N0. 630,49l. Patented Aug. 8, I899. M. DERI.

COMBINED ALTERNATINE AND CONTINUOUS CURRENT SYSTEM OF DISTRIBUTION.

{Ayplication filed July 27, 3898.1 (No Modal.) 4 sheets-Sheet 2.

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No. 630,49l. Patented Aug. 8, I899. M. DERI.

COMBINED ALTERNATING AND CONTINUOUS CURRENT SYSTEM OF DISTRIBUTION.

lApplication filed July 27, 189B.

4 Sheets-Sheet 3.

(No Model.)

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THE mums PzTsrIs c9. PHDTO-LITHO. WASH Patented Aug. 8, I899.

DERI. COMBINED ALTERNATING AND CONTINUOUS CURRENT SYSTEM OF DISTRIBUTION.

(Application filed Jur 27, 159B.

4 Sheets-Sheet 4,

(No Model.)

INVENTOR WITNESSES:

ATTORN EYS m: norms mans nov PHOTO-LITHO. WASHINGTON, o. c

UNITED STATES] PATENT OFFICE.

MAX DERI, or VIENNA, AUSTRIA-HUNGARY.

COMBINED ALTERNATING AND CONTINUOUS CURRENT SYSTEM OF DISTRIBUTION.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 630,491, dated August 8, 1899.

Application filed July 2'7, 1898. Serial No. 687,025. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, MAX DERI, a subject of the Emperor of Austria-Hungary, residing at Vienna, in the Province of Lower Austria, in the Empire of Austria-Hungary, have inventcd certain new and useful Improvements in Electrical Distribution; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention.

The distribution of electrical energy by means of alternating currents, especially by means of monophase alternating currents, is accompanied by considerable disadvantage for many purposes in spite of the great superiority in economy of leads and of the ease with which the distribution can be regulated. Accumulators cannot be charged with alternating current nor can electrolysis be effected by them, and in starting electromotors difficulties have to be overcome.

By this invention the system of distribution combines in a simple manner both kinds of current in a two-wire or three-wire system and renders possible the simultaneous use of the advantages of both kinds of current.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a. diagram illustrating the combination of transformer with a continous-current generator. Fig. 2 is a similar diagram showing a storage battery as the generator. Figs. 3 and I are graphic representations of the currents obtained. Figs. 5 and 6 are diagrams illustrating the application of myinvention to polyphase alternating-current systems. Fig. 7 is a diagram of an installation according to my system, and Fig. 8 is a diagram of an electric traction system according to my invention.

From the central station an alternating current is sent out through the primary leads or conductors. prise alternating-current transformers and secondary generators of continuous current, such as accumulators or transformers for converting alternating current into continuous current. The secondary generators for alternating current and for continuous currents are arranged in series or connected together.

Fig. 1 of the accompanying drawings is a diagram of the combination of a transformer with a continuous-current generator, and Fi is a diagram of a transformer with an accu- The secondary stations commulator-battery. In both cases the secondary coil of the transformer and the continuoils-current generator are connected up in series. The. terminal of the alternate-current coil is designated by 1, that of the continuous-current generator is designated by 3, and the terminal by which the two generators are united (the connecting-point) is designated by 2. Theleads or conductors connected with these terminals arelettered L, L and L which last is required only where the connecting combination is used. Between the leads L and L there is an alternating pres-' sure, between L and L a continuous pressure, and between L and L a periodicallyundulating pressure, (wavepressure,) consisting of the sum of the two other pressures. In Fig. 3 the characters of the several pressures are indicated graphically. Itfollows that the separate leads will convey currents which, as may be represented in Fig. 4, are in L periodically alternating, in L continuous, and in L undulatory, (wave-current.)

If a circuit with a high degree of selfinduction is formed between L and L the current therein will have shallow waves approximating to a continuous current. If the circuit comprises a continuous electromotive force in a contrary direction, such as might be obtained from a battery, the current therein will approximate to an alternating current. Finally,if both self-induction and polarization are present the Wave-current will result.

In the last-mentioned case the potential difference of the different parts of the circuit may be given the character of the three different pressures, as may be the kind of the resistance. The state of affairs in the circuit between L and L will be as described even if the connecting-conductor L is omitted.

The manner in which the combination of a continuous current with a polyphase alternating current is made is indicated in Figs. 5 and 6. In Fig. 5 the part 1 2 is the transformer-coil of one phase and 2 3 the series circuit formed of the transformer-coil of the other phase and of the continuous-current source. Between 1 and 2 there will be an alternating pressure and between 2 and 3 an undulatory pressure. In Fig. 6 the continuous-current source is in the connecting-com d uctor, so that there is an undulatory pres- ICO machine are connected up togetherin series, 7

and, as shown in Fig. 1, where the terminals 1 and 3 are connected with the leads L and L and the middle terminal 2 with the connecting-lead L the motor part of the converter will be driven by an alternating current between 1 and 2, while the continuouscurrent part will produce a continuous current between 2 and The converter can, however, receive current in both parts simultaneously, and thus operate as an alternating and continuous current motor combined. A number of converters arranged in this way can maintain in the leads a continuous pressure besides furnishing motive power, and if in addition accumulator-batteries are introduced between L and L at suitable posi tions these can be charged and discharged, and thus, as buller-batterics, regulate the pressure and equalize the output of energy. By a system of leads in which a large number of electromotors are driven alternating and' continuous currents can be distributed according to the foregoing combination if electromotors combined in the manner of converters are used and butter-batteries are applied ior equalization.

In Fig. 7. is shown a diagrammatic view of a current-distributiug installation in accordance with this invention. From the central station O the primary alternating -eurrcnt leads pass to the interposed transformers T. The secondary stations are arranged as follows: at 1, two transformers T T and a battery B; at H, a transformer T and a continnous-current generator G driven by primary current, and at III a transformer T and a battery 13. The secondary circuit is formed partly with three wires for different kinds of current, and partly with two wires for .continuous current, and partly with two wires for the wave-current. On the three-wire circuit is a consumers installation at D, consisting of an alternating-continnous-current motor or alternating-continnous-current converter M and M The alternating-current motor M and the continuous-current motor or generator M are mounted upon a common axis, as usual.

a resistance R in series with a self-induction S for obtaining continuous current at D and at D a battery B in series with a self-indue The continuous-current two-wire. circuit supplies a battery B at D, an elee- On the tion S for obtaining alternating pressure between 1 and 2 and continuous pressure between 2 and S.

The distribution of current according to this system is particularly appropriate for electric traction, which may, for example, be effected according to the following arrangement, (illustrated in the diagram, Fig. 8:) Along the railway-track are laid three leads L, L, and L The leads L and L are connected with transformers and conduct alternating current to the car-driving mechanism. At certain points accumulators are connected with the leads L and L One of the leads can be constituted by the rail and the earth. The motor of the car consists of an alternating and continuous current motor or an alternating-continuouscurrent converter,such as indicated at D, Fig. 7. In this combined mechanism the altcrnating-current arm ature and the continuous-current armature are eonnected in series. 13y switches the alternating-current motors on L and L and the continuous-current armatures on L and L are put in circuit. The motor mechanism is putin motion at starting by the continuous current; but after a certain degree of speedit is driven chiefly by the alternating current.

The continuous-current motors of the motor mechanism are connected witheach other and with the batteries in parallel circuit by the leads L and L", so that there is in these leads a certain driving-pressure, bymeans of which one part of the motor mechanism yields a contin uous current during the journey and, if necessary, also when the ear is stopped to another motor-for instance, of a car which is starting or traveling up an incline. In the same way butter-batteries receive and deliver continuous current and ellect an equalization of the output of work from the separate trains. The leads L and L can also be divided into several sections. To a certain extent also one or other of these contact-leads can be omitted. For example, in stations,where the train travels by the power of the continuous current, the alternating-current contact-lead may be omitteduvhile in the open track, where the alternating current chiefly is used, the contiunous-current contact-conductor may be eliminated.

Under the previously-mentionedconditions the middle common lead L may be to some extent or entirely omitted. There will then be a wave-pressure between the two contactleads, which, on the one hand, is fed through the transformers and batteries connected in series and with which, on the other hand, the combination ear-motors connected in series will be in circuit.

In this system the traveling motor mechanism itself effects the conversion of the alternating current into continuous current; but under certain conditions it may be useful to' employ separate stationary converters, or when the central station is in an appropriate position continuouscurrent generators in addition to the general continuous-currentsupply may be used.

The accumulators are asa rule stationary; but buffer-batteries connected in parallel circuit or for special purposes batteries otherwise connected may be also carried with the train.

Starting from the arrangement shown in Figs. 5 and 6, traction installations can be supplied with polyphase alternating currents combined with continuous currents without using more than three contact-leads, (one of them, if necessary, a rail as a return-lead,) which may be connected with the diiferent current sources either as in Fig. 5 or in Fig. (3, and using combined motors in the train driven simultaneously from both current sources, or it may be alternately from one or the other source.

Fig. 8 is a diagram showing, by way of example, the current distribution for traction with three leads as a combination of monophase alternating current with continuous current. 0 is an alternating-current genera- ,tor, L I, are the primary altemating-current leads, T are transformers, and B are accumulators. The secondary leads-in this case the contact-leads I. L L c0nduct alternating current, continuous current, and wave-current. The secondary station II comprises a transformer, and secondary station III com prises an accumulator, while I and IV comprise both transformers and accumulators. In each of the last two stations the secondary coil of the transformer and the battery are connected with each other,and the terminals 1 and 2 of the transformer and the terminals 2 and 3 of the battery are connected with the railleads L, L and L those terminals and leads being connected which bear the same number. F and F are railway cars or trains the contacts of which are in connection with the three leads. On F there is an alternating-current motor M on one axis and a continuous-current motor M on the other axis. On one of the axes at F the two are combined in one machine-a rotary converter M. The manner in which by this arrangement the con1- bincd motor-mechanism functions, now as a double motor, now as a converter, and in which the pulsating battery equalizes the output of work, will be easily understood from the foregoing explanation.

, The applications of this combined currentdistributing system are not exhausted by the foregoing description and diagrams. There are still possible numerous variations in application to the different forms of electric transmission of power, particularly for purposes of traction.

I claim as my invention- 1. In an electrical distribution system, the combination of alternatingcurrent transformers with continuous-current secondary generators connected in series and threeleads therefrom, of which the electromotive force is added together in such away that between two leads of the series a pressure giving rise to wave-currents is produced, while between the one external lead and the connecting-lead an alternating pressure and between the other external lead and the connecting-lead a continuous pressure is produced, substantially as described.

2. An electrical distribution system, comprising a central station with alternating-current generator, and secondary stations receivin g alternating current from the central station,said secondary stations having combined in series alternating-current transformers and continuous-current secondary generators,and three leads therefrom, substantially as described, whereby either a wave-pressure, alternating pressure or continuous pressure may be obtained, according to the said leads connected, substantially as described.

3. An electrical distribution system for electric traction, comprising a-ceutral station with alternating-current generator and secondary stations receiving alternating current from the central station, said secondary stations having alternating-current transformers and continuous-current generators with three leads or conductors therefrom, in combination with cars having alternating-current motors and continnous-current machines or converters and contacts for the conductors or leads, whereby the motor mechanism on the cars may be driven either by alternating or continuous current or both or being driven by alternating current candeliver continuous current to the conductors or leads, substantially as described.

4:. An electric distribution system, comprising a central station with alternating-current generator and secondary stations receiving alternating current from the central station, with three leads from the secondary stations, some of which have combined transformers and direct-current generators connected up to the three leads, while others of the secondarystations have transformers only, connected to two of the said secondary leads, substantially as described.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing as my invention I have signed my name in pres ence of two subscribing witnesses.

MAX DERI.

\Vitnesses:

HENRY O. CARPENTER, IGNAZ UBLEIS. 

